Typical scenario

Two relatives are proposed in place of an unavailable parent

If an alleged parent is unavailable and the family proposes two relatives instead, preparation should begin with a family relationship diagram. The number of participants alone does not identify the hypothesis that can be tested. Confirmed relationships, assumptions and alternative explanations need to be distinguished before discussing the laboratory study.

What needs to be clarified

The document review could assess whether the starting information is sufficient to formulate an indirect-kinship question. The relevant specialists determine the participants and laboratory programme after examining the actual family structure.

Materials to prepare

  • A family diagram distinguishing confirmed relationships from assumed ones.
  • Documents supporting the stated relationships and information about the unavailable participant.
  • Complete previous reports, questions about them and details of the available participants.

What to compare

  • Consistency of names, generations and participant labels across the materials.
  • Which relationships are treated as established and which require examination.
  • Whether the proposed participants support a specific question without silently changing the hypothesis.

Possible outcome of the analysis

A possible output is a coherent diagram of the starting information, unresolved relationships and questions to discuss with the laboratory. It can identify missing documents or explanations before an approach is selected.

Limits of the conclusions

Reviewing documents does not establish biological kinship or replace laboratory testing. Adding relatives does not by itself guarantee a particular conclusion; suitability depends on the specific question.